Sonographic Examination of the Musculoskeletal System

Two decades ago ultrasound was first applied to the evaluation of disorders of the musculoskeletal system [1]. This was limited to the diagnosis of popliteal cysts (Baker’s cysts), which took advantage of ultrasound’s inherent ability to easily demonstrate fluid collections. Later, ultrasound was applied to the evaluation of tendon pathology. However, limitations in image quality imposed by equipment available at that time reduced sensitivity and specificity of the technique. In the past few years we have seen tremendous advances in sonographic image quality based largely on improved high frequency transducer technology. This has greatly broadened the spectrum of sonographic applications in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders, as well as allowing increased diagnostic accuracy in areas already established [2].