Lupus Erythematosus and Miller-Fisher Syndrome

Objective: To compare the clinical course of an unusual case of Miller-Fisher syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus with therapeutic interventions, in particular with plasma exchanges. Design: The clinical state and laboratory and electrophysiologic parameters were controlled for over a year and related to therapeutic attempts with immunoglobulins, steroids, and plasma exchanges. Setting: Medical intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patient: A 17-year-old black female student with known systemic lupus erythematosus who developed ataxia, areflexia, and ophthalmoplegia (Miller-Fisher syndrome) and later became tetraplegic and required full mechanical ventilatory support. Results: High-dose immunoglobulin treatment combined with corticosteroid pulse therapy was not beneficial. However, plasma exchange (performed five times over a period of 4 months) was followed by a striking clinical improvement within hours after each plasma exchange. Conclusions: Plasma exchange appears to remove a yet unknown agent producing a distal motor nerve conduction block and is efficacious in severe neuropathy associated with Miller-Fisher syndrome in lupus erythematosus.