Unraveling the mechanisms used by antagonistic yeast to control postharvest pathogens on fruit.

Biological control using microbial antagonists is one of the most promising alternatives for reducing fungicide use during the postharvest life of fruits. To date, there are hundreds of reports about using yeast antagonists to control biologically postharvest diseases. Very few of these antagonists, however, have reached the commercial development stage and launched as commercial products. In most cases, there are inherent problems in the biocontrol systems related to poor performance and inconsistency under commercial conditions. Among the reasons for these shortcomings is the lack of understanding of mechanisms of actions of these BCAs. A deep understanding of the mode of action is essential to develop appropriate formulation and methods of application, and to obtain registration. In recent years, there has been a phenomenal advancement in the use of molecular techniques contributing to the development of innovative tools for improving knowledge on the antagonistic mechanisms of BCAs. In particular, the omics techniques are providing a powerful tool to dissect the complex interactions between the antagonist, the pathogen, the fruit host, the natural microflora, and the environmental conditions.