Profil Épidémiologique et Histologique des Cancers Bronchopulmonaires Primitifs au Sénégal

RESUME Introduction. Le cancer broncho-pulmonaire primitif est un probleme de sante publique peu etudie au plan anatomopathologique au Senegal. Le but de notre travail etait de decrire le profil epidemiologique et histologique de ce cancer dans ce contexte. Methodologie. Il s’agit d’une etude retrospective incluant tous les cas de cancer broncho-pulmonaire primitif, diagnostiques dans les laboratoires d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologique de Dakar, sur une periode de 5 ans. Resultats. Nous avons recense 161 patients dont 86,2 % d’hommes. Les sujets âges de 60 ans et plus (50%) et ceux provenant de la population active (44,1%) etaient les plus touches. Les fumeurs actifs representes 87,5% des cas renseignes, dont un nombre moyen de paquets-annee chiffre a 42,9. Les biopsies constituaient l’essentiel des prelevements (96,3%). Le type histologique predominant etait l’adenocarcinome (45,3%). Il touchait davantage les femmes (64,3%), essentiellement âgees. Conclusion. Le cancer broncho-pulmonaire primitif au Senegal touche autant les sujets âges que la population active, surtout tabagique et se caracterise par une predominance des adenocarcinomes affectant plus les femmes âgees. Il est souvent diagnostique a un stade inoperable. La prevention primaire, le diagnostic precoce et l’etude des facteurs de risque et alterations moleculaires sont de mise. ABSTRACT Introduction. Primary bronchopulmonary cancer is a public health problem, and its histological features are largely unknown in Senegal. The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiology and the histological aspects of this cancer in our country. Methods. This was a cross sectional retrospective study carried out between January 2013 and December 2017, including all cases of primary bronchopulmonary cancer, diagnosed in the anatomy and pathological cytology laboratories in Dakar. Results: We recruited 161 patients, 86.2% of whom were men. Those aged 60 and over (50%) and those from the active population (44.1%) were the most affected. Active smokers represented 87.5% of the reported cases, with an average number of pack-years of 42.9. Biopsies made up the bulk of the samples (96.3%). The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma (45.3%), which most affected women (64.3%) who were usually elderly. Conclusion: Primary bronchopulmonary cancer in Senegal affects both the elderly and the active population, especially tobacco users. Adenocarcinoma is the most common histology and is affects  more commonly older women. It is often diagnosed at an inoperable stage. Primary prevention, early diagnosis and study of risk factors and molecular alterations are essential.