Fundamental Limits on RSS Based Range Estimation in Visible Light Positioning Systems

In this study, theoretical limits are obtained for the accuracy of range (distance) estimation in visible light positioning (VLP) systems. In particular, the Ziv-Zakai bound (ZZB) and the weighted Cramer-Rao bound (WCRB) are derived for range estimation based on received signal strength (RSS) measurements. Also, the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) and the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) estimators are obtained for RSS based range estimation, and compared against the theoretical limits.