Slope Movements Caused by The Three Large Earthquakes of Hokkaido, 1993-1994

Three large earthquakes of Kushiro-oki 1993, Hokkaido-nansei-oki 1993 and Hokkaido-toho-oki 1994, induced many landslides in Hokkaido. We review the topographic and geologic environments, types, and morphologic features of the landslides. Large varieties of type, scale, length of runout and degree of rupture of sliding body characterize the earthquake-induced slope movements. There were some remarkable features as vertical cracks of main scarp and shattered earth formed by the earthquake vibration in each damaged slope. Most rockslides were bench-like shape and their length was shorter than width. These features of damaged slope may be useful index for slope assessments, disaster investigation and paleoseismic analysis.