Influence of Fuel Additive in the Formulation and Combustion Characteristics of Water-in-Diesel Nanoemulsion Fuel

A comprehensive experimental study was accomplished to assess the influence of fuel additive in the formulation of water-in-diesel (W/D) nanoemulsions using surfactant in two ways, with and without including fuel additive, and a comparison is made with neat diesel. A range of surfactant concentration (0.25% to 0.40% v/v) was used with varying water concentration (0.7% to 1% v/v) to prepare W/D nanoemulsion fuel. High energy emulsification process was employed for this purpose and attempts to compare between both ways, physical and experimental observations were considered. The destabilization methods, mainly Oswald ripening, was discussed to investigate the stability. The influence of fuel additive over the characteristics of nanoemulsion such as droplet size, stability, viscosity, emulsion calorific value was studied in detail. The droplet size of W/D nanoemulsion fuel was found to be in the range approximately from 2 to 200 nm in both procedures. The engine test bed was utilized to combust the emulsion ...