Optimal operation and control of intensified processes — challenges and opportunities

Process systems engineering (PSE) tools can be utilized to enable the optimal operation and control of intensified processes. In this work, the challenges in the control of intensified processes are summarized, including the difficulties in modelling and performing online optimization of these highly complex dynamic systems. Nevertheless, PSE progress in the areas of nonlinear programming, reduced-order modeling, development of software tools, parallel computing and artificial intelligence are enabling the implementation and optimization of large-scale intensified systems. Future opportunities for research are identified, including the simultaneous optimization of scheduling of operation and control, a promising strategy that has proven its value in regular operations, and can expand the operating windows of intensified processes.