Apple Peel Biochemical Changes after Foliar Application of Combined Boron and Calcium II. Photosynthetic Pigments, Total Peroxides and Photochemical Efficiency
2020
Understanding of the physiological effect of post-full-bloom foliar boron
combined with calcium (B+Ca) on apple (Malus domestica) peel tissues is envisaged
to give way to the unknown mode-of-action by which these mineral regimens
suppress fruit sunburn-browning incidence in orchards. Promotion of this
mineral approach among growers, as a certainly cheaper alternative to mitigate
fruit sunburn-browning incidence in apple orchards necessitates clear elucidation
of its mode-of-action. This study investigated peel photosynthetic pigments and
total peroxides (as a measure of oxidative stress) in three apple cultivars, ‘Cripps
Pink’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Granny Smith’ which were treated with four B+Ca treatments varying in levels of B and
Ca as well as inclusion of zinc (Zn) in one treatment. Randomized complete
block design experiments with five replications were conducted at commercial
farms in Western Cape, South Africa. Significant (p ‘Cripps
Pink’, whereas the Zn-treatment was mainly responsible for significant
treatment effects in both ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Granny Smith’ apples. Significant treatment effect for total peroxides occurred in ‘Cripps
Pink’ and ‘Granny Smith’, yet significant interaction effect occurred with ‘Golden
Delicious’, however, these significant results did not yield meaningful peel
oxidative stress differences among the treatments. Foliar treatment differences
in photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) were not significant. The study concludes with firm evidence that foliar B+Ca
treatment composition has a significant effect on apple peel photosynthetic pigments depending on
cultivar, and Zn is not desirable in the formulation of these treatments.
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