Genetic structure and diversity of Calycolpus moritzianus (Myrtaceae) in the north-eastern Andes of Colombia

The Arrayan tree ( Calycolpus moritzianus ) is an endemic species from northern South America and it is important for its potential in the medical and cosmetic industry. However, to take advantage of its applied potential different biological aspects, such as genetic diversity, must be characterized. We evaluated 5 RAMs markers on 45 individuals of  C. moritzianus collected from 5 locations in Norte de Santander, Colombia, to estimate its genetic diversity. The cluster analysis indicated heterogeneity between populations; however, Ocana individuals were genetically more different, when compared with other populations. A multiple correspondence analysis revealed 2 population groups: the first one including individuals from Ocana, and the second one that includes individuals from Salazar, Chinacota, Pamplonita and Toledo. This last group showed a higher degree of genetic diversity. We found an average heterozygosity (He) of 0.34 and a fixation index (FST) of 0.13 among populations. These results are likely due to the relatively high genetic distance, observed between Ocana and the other populations, and because of the effect of geographical barriers in the area. This is the first study in population genetics of this important native timber resource in the northern Andes, and provides relevant information for future conservation strategies and its sustainable use.