Diallyl disulfide (DADS) enhances gap-junctional intercellular communication by both direct and indirect mechanisms in rat liver cells

Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a sulfur compound from garlic has been shown to exert many biological effects: induction of carcinogen detoxication, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, etc. These effects are consistent with its anticarcinogenic properties in animal models and could account for garlic protective effects in humans. Our study demonstrates that DADS can improve gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in vitro. In rat liver epithelial cells (REL cells), using the dye transfer assay, we observe a time-dependent stimulation of GJIC by DADS at noncytotoxic concentrations. In addition, incubation of cells with DADS for 1 h prevents the inhibition of GJIC induced by 3,5-di-tertio-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT). We have studied the direct effects of DADS on the regulation of GJIC, and especially on the expression and localization of the connexin expressed in these cells (Cx43): the enhancement of dye transfer (1.6) by DADS from 1 to 50 m Mi s associated with an increase (1.3‐1.8) in the amount of Cx43 protein (western blotting) with no alteration of its localization in the cell‐cell contact regions of the plasma membrane (immunofluorescence analysis). We have also explored the possibility that DADS might act indirectly on GJIC. On one hand, DADS does not change the amount of E-cadherin, the adhesion molecule expressed in epithelial cells. On the other hand, it induces rapid inhibition of protein glycosylation. The data suggest that DADS could reduce local constraints imposed by glycoproteins, thus facilitating dye transfer. In conclusion, DADS can be included with other plant microconstituents, which have been demonstrated to improve GJIC. Its effect on REL cells can be explained by its ability to enhance the amount of Cx43 and also to diminish the level of glycosylated proteins.