Effect of interferon-gamma on VEGF expression by trophoblasts in first trimester villous explant culture

antibody positive IgG increased much more than that by negative IgG. In conclusion, the anti 2-GPI antibody positive IgG increased theexpressionofTLRmRNAandcytokine production in BeWo cells. We suspect that the anti 2-GPI antibodies bind to trophoblast and increase the expression of TLR and cytokine production. The increased expression of TLR and cytokine production by anti 2-GPI antibody may play a role of increased inflammatory response in placental dysfunction.