Next-generation sequencing and clinical histocompatibility testing.

Histocompatibility testing is essential for donor identification and risk assessment in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Additionally, it is useful for identifying donor specific alleles for monitoring donor specific antibodies in post-transplant patients. Next-generation sequence (NGS) based human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing has improved many aspects of histocompatibility testing in hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant. HLA disease association testing and research has also benefited from the advent of NGS technologies. In this review we discuss the current impact and future applications of NGS typing on clinical histocompatibility testing for transplant and non-transplant purposes.