Systeme de sport-etudes au Senegal, entre performance et reconversion:

Le Senegal a du mal a produire des sportifs d’elite et a jouer les grands roles sur la scene internationale. Cette situation s’explique par le fait que les jeunes talents senegalais sont obliges dans leur grande majorite a choisir entre le sport et les etudes a cause de l’absence d’un systeme qui permet de concilier le sport et les etudes. Les experiences vecues par beaucoup d'athletes senegalais (exemple Kene Ndoye medaillee de bronze aux championnats du monde au triple saut a Birmingham en 2003, de Bocande ancien capitaine du Senegal) et etrangers (exemple Emmanuel Eboue ancien international ivoirien) ont pousse les auteurs a se pencher sur la question de la retraite des sportifs. Ledit systeme devrait etre adapte aux realites socioeconomiques, psychosociales et historiques du Senegal. Ainsi, 298 sportifs d’elite dont 113 a la retraite et 185 en activite ont ete enquetes, en plus des quatre experts choisis selon des criteres bien definis. Cela nous a permis de confirmer sur le plan qualitatif les donnees quantitatives obtenues dans un premier temps. Le paradigme de recherche utilise est le Devis Mixte Sequentiel Explicatif. Nous nous sommes bases sur les aspects historiques lies a la psychologie du sport et au systeme de Sport-Etudes, avant d’evoquer les resultats obtenus dans les pays qui ont mis en application ledit systeme depuis l’arrivee de l’URSS sur la scene internationale en 1952 a nos jours. Au vu des resultats obtenus, nous avons propose un de systeme de Sport-Etudes adapte au contexte senegalais.ABSTRACTSenegal has hard time producing Elite sport’s men and playing key roles at an international level. This situation could be explained by the fact that young talented Senegalese are obliged in a big majority to choose between sports and studies, because of a lack of a system offering the possibility to do both at the same time. As a result of that situation, a lots of former elite athletes live in very difficult conditions at the end of their career. The way former athletes end they lives in Senegal (for example Kene Ndoye winner of bronze medal at word championship at Birmingham in 2003 and Jules Bocande former captain of senegale's soccer team) and Africa (Emmanuel Eboue former Ivory Cost national team and Arsenal player) inspired the authors about setting a sport-study system to enable the double project. That system would have to take into account the sociological, psychological and historical aspects of sports in Senegal. For that, 298 elite sportsmen have been called in our survey. Among them we have 113 retired and 185 that are still active in competition. For the type of investigation, the explanatory sequential mixed methods have been used. We have talked about the Olympics because of his link with high performance. We have also talked about sport psychology and the history of the academies in charge of Sport-Studies in the world since the coming of URSS in 1952 until today. This investigation was ended with a proposal of a Sport-Study system.