Molecular Evidence of Chandipura Virus from Sergentomyia species of Sandflies in Gujarat, India

: The spread and establishment of Chandipura virus (CHPV) infection in India has raised serious epidemiological concerns. The virus interface with the vertebrate hosts (including humans) and vector competence are the important parameters of disease prevalence. Interestingly, in the present study, a highly zoophilic species of the sandfly Sergentomyia was found to be a potential vector of CHPV in Gujarat. This is probably the first report from India of male sandflies testing positive for CHPV in RT-PCR analysis. These findings signify vertical transmission of the virus among sandflies and have epidemiological significance. Health Officers from Gujarat referred 9 pools comprising 277 adult sandflies from disease-affected and unaffected areas to the National Institute of Virology, Pune. The pools were subjected to RT-PCR analysis and sequencing. Of the 9, 2 female and one male pool tested positive for CHPV. Phylogenetic analysis showed similarity of the new sandfly-borne CHPV strains with the human strain from Andhra Pradesh (AP) 2003. The present study highlights the possible role of Sergentomyia spp. in the transmission of CHPV in India.