Chemoprevention in Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes

Patients and families diagnosed with hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes present with an accelerated carcinogenesis. In this scenario, screening measures and preventive interventions play a crucial role in modulating the cancer risk by decreasing its incidence and mortality. In this chapter we will provide an overview of the clinical evidence of chemopreventive interventions developed in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and Lynch Syndrome. Specifically, we will present the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which have been the most commonly studied agents in this field. Finally, we will discuss the latest clinical trials deploying targeted agents and modern NSAIDs in the context of prevention of hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes.