Predicting the pathogenesis of influenza from genomic response: a step toward early diagnosis

Infection with influenza virus does not always lead to symptomatic illness, but it is not currently possible to predict who will be severely affected and who will have mild or no symptoms. Gene expression profiling of biofluids might unlock the complex dynamics of response to acute respiratory virus infections such as influenza. A recent article by Alfred Hero and colleagues used transcriptional microarray analyses to follow the response to symptomatic and asymptomatic influenza infection over time, and revealed a role for type I IFN (IFNβ and IFNα) signaling and the NLRP3 inflammasome in determining the outcome in human infections.