Combination therapy of omega-3 fatty acids and acipimox for children with hypertriglyceridemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Background Lipemic alterations are commonly seen in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with corticosteroids and L-asparaginase. Objective In these children, hypertriglyceridemia rarely causes symptoms and mostly responds well to a low-fat diet. Only few patients demand further therapy, which is not clearly approved in the literature to date. Therefore, it may be important to compile generally accepted standard procedures for lipid-lowering therapy in the pediatric ALL population. Methods We performed a study on 119 newly diagnosed pediatric patients with ALL, all treated according to the ALL-BFM 2000 protocol at our institution between the years 2000 and 2009, to evaluate the incidence of hypertriglyceridemia and the efficacy of a combination therapy with omega-3 fatty acids and acipimox in hypertriglyceridemic patients who did not respond to diet. Results We observed hypertriglyceridemia in 34.5% of patients in this collective. In the majority, normalization of triglycerides was successfully managed by administration of a low-fat diet. However, 7.6% of patients (related to total study population) with hypertriglyceridemia did not show diminished lipid levels during diet and/or presented with symptoms such as abdominal pain, dyspnea, or anginal chest pain. In these cases, we performed a lipid-lowering combination therapy with omega-3 fatty acids and acipimox. We observed a prompt decline of serum triglycerides to normal values and an improvement of symptoms within days after onset of this therapy without occurrence of any side effects. Conclusion In summary, the combination treatment with omega-3 fatty acids and acipimox could represent an alternative to other reported lipid-lowering therapies without severe adverse reactions.