Palladium/P(t-Bu)3-catalyzed synthesis of N-aryl azoles and application to the synthesis of 4,4′,4′′-tris(N-azolyl)triphenylamines

Abstract Palladium/P( t -Bu) 3 catalyzed the coupling of aryl halides with azoles such as pyrrole, indole, and carbazole, effectively. K 2 CO 3 and Rb 2 CO 3 worked very well as bases, whereas Cs 2 CO 3 and t -BuONa gave only trace yields of products. Triazolyl compounds such as TCTA were also synthesized.