Sleep and Development

The early years of life are characterized by significant developmental processes of growth and differentiation in all physical systems and especially the central nervous system. Sleep plays a crucial role in cerebral developmental processes and the accumulation of new abilities and skills. We review the current research evidence regarding the relationship between sleep (and its various components) and cerebral and physical developmental processes. Although sleep is an everyday physiological necessity, the ability to recognize it as a critical component of development may bring a different view towards sleep by parents, educators, and caregivers. This change might lead to a shift in individual and social attitudes aimed at enabling the necessary time and conditions for adequate sleep in children and adolescents to become the norm. These sets of values will then hopefully extend into adulthood, in which sleep also plays a crucial role in both physical and mental wellbeing.