Bone mineral density and related scores in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract Introduction Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common degenerative neurological disorder in older adults, and increasing attention has been paid to bone health in PD. Although several studies demonstrate that patients with PD have a lower bone mineral density (BMD) than non-PD controls, there have been no systematic reviews in recent years. Methods PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science were used to search relevant studies up to May 2020. BMD, BMD T-score, and BMD Z-score of patients with and without PD were statistically analyzed. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager Version 5.3. Results This meta-analysis included 17 studies comprising 10289 individuals. In the meta-analysis, adults with PD had lower total body, total hip, total radius, lumbar spine, total femur, femur neck, right hand and left hand BMD than non-PD controls. Meanwhile, T-score of total body BMD, total hip BMD, total radius BMD, lumbar spine BMD, L1-L4 spine BMD, total femur BMD, femur neck BMD in adults with PD were lower than those in non-PD controls. Futhermore, Z-score of total body BMD, total hip BMD, total radius BMD, lumbar spine BMD, L1-L4 spine BMD, and femur neck BMD was lower in adults with PD than in non-PD controls. Conclusions Patients with PD had a lower BMD, BMD T-score, and BMD Z-score compared to non-PD controls. Therefore, clinicians should routinely monitor BMD of patients with PD to prevent falling and fragility fractures in older adults，and optimize BMD before surgical treatment of severe spinal deformity caused by PD.