Polypyrrole encapsulation-protected porous multishelled Co3O4 hollow microspheres for advanced all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors with boosted reaction kinetics and stability

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) have shown great potential in high-performance supercapacitors (SCs) because of their high theoretical capacities, low cost and simple preparation process. However, it still remains considerable challenges in simultaneously improving their electrical conductivity, reaction kinetics and stability. Herein, we deliberately designed a polypyrrole encapsulation-protected porous multishelled Co3O4 hollow microspheres (pMS-Co3O4/PPy) composite via a modified self templating method and the subsequent in-situ oxidative polymerization route. The unique porous multishelled structure of pMS-Co3O4 hollow microspheres assembled by interconnected Co3O4 nanoparticles can provide sufficient active sites, shorted ion diffusion paths, and efficiently alleviate the structural strain. Meanwhile, the PPy encapsulation-protected nanolayers significantly improve their electrical conductivity, contribute pseudocapacitance and protect Co3O4 nanoparticles from structural pulverization-chemical dissolution into electrolyte. Thus, the prepared pMS-Co3O4/PPy electrodes exhibited a high specific capacitance of 1292.2 F g-1 at 1 A g-1, excellent rate capability (1205.8 F g-1 at 10 A g-1) and cycle stability (the ultrahigh capacitance retention of 91.5% for 5000 cycles), which has rarely been achieved in previously reported Co3O4-based electrodes. Furthermore, the assembled all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors (pMS-Co3O4/PPy//AC) delivered a high energy density of 40.2 Wh kg-1 at power density of 761.7 W kg-1, and superior cycling stability (the capacitance retention of 90.6% for 5000 cycles). This study offers an effective nanostructure design strategy to solve the issues of TMOs and develop high-performance energy storage systems.