Finding a model for the study of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana infection: The Yucatan Deer mouse (Peromyscus yucatanicus) as a suitable option

Abstract For more than four decades, the murine model has been employed extensively to understand immunological mechanisms associated with Leishmania infection. Although the use of laboratory mice has been very informative, mainly for L. (L.) major infection, the extrapolation to other Leishmania species and more importantly to human disease has been limited. Particularly in the case of L. (L.) mexicana , most infected mouse strains are highly susceptible and never presented asymptomatic infection, which is the main outcome in human. Thus, we postulated the use of Peromyscus yucatanicus , a primary reservoir of L. (L.) mexicana in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, as an experimental model to study Leishmania infection. This rodent species can produce both asymptomatic and clinical infections therefore they seem more appropriate for studying host-pathogen interactions. In this review, we recapitulate the immunological findings observed in the traditional murine model of L. (L.) mexicana highlighting the differences with humans’ infection and demonstrate the pertinence of P. yucatanicus as the experimental model for studying L. (L.) mexicana infection.