Nâzım Hikmet’in Edebiyat Alanındaki Konumuna ve Eserlerinin Çeviri Yoluyla Dolaşımına Kısıtların Olumlu Etkileri

Nâzim Hikmet is one of the most important representatives of Turkish poetry in the world by means of the language of his poetry, diversity and universality of the themes and his “man of the world” perspective. It can be thought that the image of Nâzim Hikmet in the world is the result of his cultural and symbolic capitals and the constraints he faced in the field. In the studies on the international circulation of literary texts by means of translation, Gisele Sapiro emphasises that constraints may trigger international recognition of actors in some circumstances. In a sense, the constraints faced by Nâzim in the field triggered his universal recognition. As a result of both the power of his poetry and the difficulties he faced in his personal life, Nâzim Hikmet had attracted the attention of the actors with whom he had been moving ideologically parallel in social space. Thus, owing to translation of his poems and the campaigns held for his freedom, he fulfilled the circulation in the international literary field, which he could not actualise in the literary field of his own country because he was banned. Therefore, it may be considered that the political, cultural and economic constraints Nâzim had faced in the field of literature, the domination of the rulers and the symbolic violence that he had been exposed to contributed to his transfer to the international arena. In this study, within the framework of the concepts of field, habitus, economic capital, cultural capital, social capital, symbolic capital, position taking/positioning, relationality explained by Pierre Bourdieu in terms of his sociology and the notion of the constraint clarified by Sapiro, it has been tried to be brought into view in which circumstances Nâzim Hikmet had turned into a universal value by considering when his poems have been translated into which languages by whom and the master-apprentice relationships maintained by the poet despite the constraints of life in prison have been examined. The aim of the study is to discuss how spending his years in a confined space under hard conditions contributed to Nâzim Hikmet’s universal recognition, productivity, human relations, being structured while structuring, in other words, the positive effects of constraints in the poet's life, in accordance with the poet's literary, creative and instructive habitus, his position in the literary field, his poetry, his life and the relationality of all above.