[Condom use -- how to handle a necessary evil]

The history of the condom goes back to ancient times to the period of Minos of Knossus (1200 B.C.); later Gabriele Fallopio in the 16th century used it as a barrier method against venereal diseases. The name allegedly came from a Dr. Contom the family physician of King Charles II. The discovery of vulcanization in the 19th century resulted in the replacement of condoms derived from animal skin or intestines. The invention of the latex process helped in the development of the modern condom. As birth rates started to decline in industrialized countries a debate erupted in 1913 in Germany about the right of women to control their fertility. In 1987 a questionnaire survey examined whether condom use had changed in the previous 20 years. 666 students (364 women and 302 men) mostly from West Berlin (124 came from Innsbruck) were interviewed. Among women condom use reached 15% in 1987. The partner was responsible for protection in 71% in 1966 8% in 1981 and 5% in 1987. The prevalence of pill use was 9% 44% and 38% respectively. The IUD was used by 15% in 1981 and only by 7% in 1987. Diaphragm use was 3% in 1981 and 8% in 1987. Among men the partner was responsible for protection in 22% of cases in 1966 in 64% in 1981 and in 54% in 1987. Condom use was 42% 16% and 24% respectively. Coitus interruptus was practiced by 27% 4% and 2% respectively. Condom use became more pronounced as protection against AIDS. 54% of those with a steady partner used it in an amorous escapade vs. 23% of nonusers; 44% of users also relied on it for AIDS prevention vs. 10% of nonusers. Men who used condoms regularly tended to be more concerned and pessimistic about the future more self-critical and hypochondriac types. Despite freedom and individuality in reality there is an uncertainty of self shame and aversion hindering the use of the condom as a rational protection against AIDS.