Prognosis of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia in Women at 40 Years Old and Above: A Multicentre Retrospective Study

Purpose: To investigate the outcome of different treatment strategies in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) in women at 40 years old and above. Patients and Methods: We analysed a historical cohort from 5 referral centres from 5 countries, including all women with GTN treated between 2012 and 2017, who were 40 years old and older. Baseline characteristics and outcome of different treatment strategies were recorded and evaluated. The patients were categorized into low-risk non-metastatic, low-risk metastatic and high-risk, based on the FIGO classification. Results: A total of 141 cases were identified, of which 112 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 45.4 years ± 4.2SD. Of 80 patients with LR non-metastatic GTN, 46 women received single agent chemotherapy and 34 a hysterectomy with or without (n = 4) chemotherapy. Higher remission rate and shorter treatment duration (P=0.001) was seen in the group that underwent hysterectomy. Seven of the 14 patients with low-risk, metastatic GTN were cured with methotrexate. Two of the 18 high risk patients died before treatment, four were treated with polychemotherapy; two of them needed second line chemotherapy for incomplete response. Two cases received induction with methotrexate followed by EMA/CO. Ten highrisk patients were treated with hysterectomy and chemotherapy, of these six achieved complete remission, three needed second line chemotherapy, and one patient died during chemotherapy treatment. Conclusion: In this cohort of women with GTN at 40 years old or above, we found high proportions of metastatic and high-risk cases, of methotrexate resistance, and of need for multiple treatment lines. In all groups, hysterectomy was performed, but its role remains controversial in metastatic low-risk and high-risk disease.