Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase based on one step electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide incorporating polymerized l-lysine and its application in glucose sensing

Abstract The direct electron transfer and enzyme catalytic activity were investigated in electrochemical biosensor based on glucose oxidase (GOx) and electrochemical reduced graphene oxide-poly-( l -lysine) (ERGO-PLL) hybrid composite film embedded in a biocompatible matrix of Nafion. The ERGO-PLL was fabricated onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) through one step electrodeposition of RGO incorporating PLL from graphene oxide- l -lysine aqueous dispersion. The fabrication process of Nafion/GOx/ERGO-PLL/GCE has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the surface morphology of modified electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. A pair of well-defined redox peaks with formal potential and peak separation of −0.461 V and 30 mV were observed at scan rate of 50 mV s −1 , the electron transfer rate constant was calculated to be 18.7 s −1 , demonstrated that direct electron transfer between immobilized GOx with ERGO-PLL and GCE was achieved. Moreover, the fabricated enzyme biosensor exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity for determination of glucose in O 2 -free PBS (7.40) with linear voltammetric response from 0.005 to 9.0 mmol L −1 , and detection limits (S/N = 3) of 2.0 μmol L −1 . This work indicates that ERGO-PLL based modified electrode is superior to that of graphene based, and could be applied in biosensors, bioelectronics and electrocatalysis, etc.