Encephalomyelitis by Toxoplasma gondii in a captive fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox)

Abstract Encephalomyelitis due to Toxoplasma gondii was diagnosed in a fossa ( Cryptoprocta ferox ). The animal had ataxia, atrophy of hind limb muscles and progressive wasting before dying 12 months after the onset of clinical signs. Toxoplasmosis was suspected antemortem based on clinical signs and the detection of T. gondii DNA by PCR on EDTA-blood from live animal. Necropsy revealed necrotizing gastritis and severe emaciation. The main histological lesions included non-suppurative encephalomyelitis, with dilation of myelin sheaths and swollen axons in the spinal cord, and multifocal gliosis in the brain with intralesional protozoan cysts that stained positive for T. gondii immunohistochemistry. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of toxoplasmosis in a fossa, and a new host record.