Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling of Composite Bridge Girders Strengthened with HM-CFRP Laminates

Steel composite beams with reinforced concrete deck which are generally used in bridges can be strengthened by high modulus of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer materials due to cross-sectional losses and increased traffic loads. Experimental studies on strengthened beams composed of concrete, epoxy and fiber-reinforced materials are not economical with respect to time and cost. Parametric studies over experimentally verified numerical models can be a solution for research studies when time and cost are at concern. Numerical modeling of four different materials to behave in composite manner as one structural element can be achieved by employing nonlinear finite element modeling techniques. This paper discusses the steps of creating a nonlinear finite element model with explicit dynamic methods to achieve the bending behavior of composite steel beams strengthened by high modulus of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers. The finite element model is verified with the results of three real tests conducted by the authors.