Differential Evaluation Base Gain Tune of Proportional–Integral–Derivative Controller for MLI Base-Integrated Wind Energy System with Multi-winding Transformer

Renewable energies play a major role in power networks and have several advantages: Wind energy generation is almost pollution free; similarly, fuel cells and photovoltaic cells have several advantages over the other conventional methods. Harmonics are interacting with advanced converters which affect both the distribution system equipment and the loads connected to it. The objective of this paper is to tune PID controller gains for a new stand-alone multi-winding transformer (MWT) connected to load through a multi-level converter (MLC), using differential evaluation algorithm for the minimization of the harmonics. A five-level diode-clamped multi-level inverter (MLI) to operate with advanced five-level switching schemes is used to control the variable wind power voltage with PID controller through the multi-winding transformer. The effect of MLC switching operation on the total harmonic distortions (THDs) is analyzed for different pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques like sinusoidal PWM, phase opposition disposition (POD), anti-phase opposition disposition (APOD), and phase disposition (PD). The results are presented and analyzed to ascertain the effectiveness of the best switching scheme for the minimization of the harmonics with DE algorithm.