Comparison of Elastography Point Quantification with Transient Elastography in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A pilot study

Abstract Objective To compare diagnostic accuracy of Elastography Point Quantification (ElastPQ)with transient elastography (TE) and liver histology for measuring liver stiffness in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods Thirty-two patients with chronic liver disease (CVH and NAFLD) were evaluated by ElastPQ and TE within 7 days of liver biopsy. Within the CVH group, subgroup analysis was done in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and without ESRD. Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) curves were calculated for ElastPQ and TE. Results There were 15 patients with CVH and 17 patients with NAFLD. In the CVH group, there were 8 patients with ESRD and 7 patients without ESRD. Taking liver histopathology as the gold standard, liver stiffness measurement by ElastPQ(ρ= 0.826;p > 1), significant fibrosis (F > 2) and advanced fibrosis (F > 3) were 0.907, 0.959, 0.926 and 0.870, 0.770, 0.881, respectively in both CVH and NAFLD groups. However, the accuracy of both these techniques was poor in patients with CVH and ESRD (AUROCs for ElastPQ and TE of 0.667 and 0.167 for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis, respectively and 0.429 and 0.143 for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis, respectively). The diagnostic accuracy of both ElastPQ and TE for detecting significant fibrosis was excellent in NAFLD patients (AUROC of 1.000 and 0.936, respectively). ElastPQ was superior to TE in the diagnosis of significant fibrosis in the combined analysis (p=0.0149) and in the CVH group (p=0.0391), while both modalities were comparable in patients of NAFLD (p=0.2539). Conclusion Elast PQ may be equally accurate as Fibroscan and large prospective studies are required to validate the same.