Biopriming and Nanopriming: Green Revolution Wings to Increase Plant Yield, Growth, and Development Under Stress Condition and Forward Dimensions

In biopriming, beneficial microorganisms or biological control factors are employed in roots or seeds that improve plant growth or disease control through various mechanisms, including the production of plant hormones, antibiotics, or enzymes. Trichoderma spp. produce regulatory growth factors that increase germination speed and dry weight of stems and roots under drought stress conditions. Formation of the colony in plant roots by Trichoderma spp. results in increased root growth and expansion, more crop production, increased resistance to abiotic stress, and availability of nutrients. Trichoderma fungus increases the solubility and availability of phosphorus and microelements to the plant. This increase improves the growth, vigor, and disease resistance in plants resistant to pathogens and drought. Various studies have reported that biopriming with PGPR in combination (combining different bacteria and fungi) under conditions of salinity and water deficit can increase the relative water content and growth of seedlings and even pigments and protein content. Generally, biopriming with PGPR improves water status in stressful seedlings, and physiological and biochemical parameters have been improved as the result of the severe effects of water stress. Biopriming occurs naturally with soil microorganisms, and it is a safe and nonpolluting action as well as a controlling agent for environmental diseases; in the meantime, it is an effective preplanting treatment. This chapter will try to introduce PGPR, priming and their types, the role of biopriming in germination, chlorophyll rate, function, function components, increased plant growth and development under stress, and production of substances such as ACC deaminase, siderophore, phytohormones, and antioxidants, and bio-stabilization of nitrogen and dissolution of insoluble inorganic and organic phosphates should be evaluated.