Comprehensive review and proposed treatment algorithm on the management of maxillary antral pseudocysts in relation to sinus augmentation

Abstract Objective Antral Pseudocysts (AP) are fairly common lesions of the maxillary sinus and may often be encountered during Maxillary Sinus Augmentation (MSA). The objective of this publication is to review current literature on MSA in patients with maxillary AP and to determine if there is any consensus on this matter. Methods Electronic search using the Pubmed database was done. 406 articles were screened and 29 articles were included as part of the review. Results There are a variety of approaches on the management of AP in the context of sinus augmentation. This includes concurrent endoscopic sinus surgery with MSA, MSA without biopsy of the AP, MSA with aspiration of AP and lastly, MSA with removal of the AP. However, there is no consensus or guidelines available on the choice between the different approaches. A treatment algorithm based on the available publications was generated to help guide practitioners in decision making. Conclusion A treatment algorithm can be used to help practitioners in deciding between different approaches towards the AP when planning for a MSA.