PO-410 Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of new gadolinium, iron oxide, cobalt ferrite and graphene oxide nanoparticles on some tumour cell lines in vitro

Introduction Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in cancer therapy as delivery agents and in the diagnosis of malignant diseases as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this work was in vitro assessments of Gd-NPs, Fe-NPs, CoFe-NPs and Graphene Oxide-NPs cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on some tumour and normal human cell lines. Material and methods The investigated new nanomaterials were prepared and characterised by standard methods XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, AFM and MR relaxometry measurements. Cytotoxic activity of investigated compounds was performed by 72 hour MTT test. Target cells used were MDA-MB-453, HeLa and K562 malignant cells and MRC-5 was used as normal control cells. Genotoxicity of Gd-NP was evaluated by the Comet assay on the model of normal MRC-5 cells. DNA strand break levels were determined and expressed as% tail DNA. Results and discussions All investigated nanoparticle materials exerted a dose dependent cytotoxicity towards investigated cell lines with moderate to low selectivity in their action to tumour cells in comparison to normal control cells. Concentrations inducing 50% decrease in cell survival (IC50) showed that Gd-NPs possess moderate cytotoxicity and selectivity with IC50 value of 297 µg/mL on K562 cells and IC50=740 µg/mL for control MRC-5 cells. Likewise, Fe-NPs did not show toxicity on normal MRC-5 cells (IC50 >1000 µg/mL), but possess moderate toxicity to all tumour cells (IC50=336 µg/mL, 406 µg/mL and 682 µg/mL for K562, MDA-MB-453 and HeLa cells respectively). Graphene oxide-NPs showed very strong toxicity to all investigated cell lines and low selectivity with IC50 values in the range of 2.13 µg/mL (K562 cells) to 3.30 µg/mL (control MRC-5 cells). CoFe-NPs also showed strong toxicity, but to a lesser extent compared to graphene oxide (the IC50 values for all tested cell lines were in the range 19–40 µg/mL).Evaluation of genotoxicity by the Comet assay after treatment of MRC-5 cells with Gd-NPs showed no effect on DNA strand break levels at doses up to 750 µg/ml. The DNA is damaged only at very high concentrations applied (≥1125 µg/mL). Conclusion Results obtained showed that Graphene Oxide-NPs and CoFe-NPs have very strong nonselective toxicity, but gadolinium and Fe nanomaterials due to a moderate selectivity in toxicity to tumour cells could be promising agents for further research and the use in the diagnostics and treatment of cancers.