Precipitated iron catalyst for catalyzing Fischer-Tropsch synthetic reaction and preparation method thereof

The invention discloses a precipitated iron catalyst for catalyzing Fischer-Tropsch synthetic reaction and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst comprises the following components in part by weight: 100 parts of Fe, 0.1 to 10 parts of Cu, 0.1 to 10 parts of K, 0.1 to 10 parts of Mg, 0.1 to 10 parts of Al, and 1 to 20 parts of SiO2, wherein the elements Cu, K and Si exist in a form of oxides, Fe exists in a mixed form of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, and Mg and Al exist in a form of composite oxide MgAl2O4. Reorganization and cracking of the catalyst in the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic reduction reaction are weakened, long-term running stability of the catalyst is improved, and the main body structure of the catalyst plays a role of a carrier and plays a role in activity balance; and in the presence of the MgAl2O4, the stability of the stable core of the catalyst is improved, and the physical stability and the mechanical strength of the precipitated iron catalyst are improved.