Effect of Obesity in the Cardiovascular System

Overweight along with obesity are closely associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases as well as coronary artery disease. The subsequent consequence of obesity per se and the other associated medical conditions such as hypertension, glucose intolerance, diabetes, insulin resistance, sleep apnoea syndrome, etc. are put further deteriorating effect on human health. While, in the case of already existing cardiovascular diseases, the overweight and obese patients are often shows less mortality in compares to normal weight and underweight individual which is further termed as “obesity paradox.” The underlying principle mechanism of the obesity paradox is not yet properly identified although several hypotheses are put forward for explaining the above-mentioned phenomena. Adipose tissue is now also well recognized as an endocrine organ, producing different potential chemical messengers, such as adipokines and adipocytokines. The knowledge of novel adipokines and adipocytokines are tremendously helped to understand the consequence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), obesity and metabolic syndrome. The precise roles played by this chemical messenger are particularly important to unfold the obesity-mediated consequence of inflammatory response, cardiac function, metabolism, satiety and other functions. Adipokines are particularly important to homoeostatic balance resulting in substantial benefits of angiogenesis, cardio-protection, endorsing endothelial function, and reducing hypertension, risk of atherosclerosis and inflammation. Considering the predominance of cardiovascular risk in obese individual, regular cardiology screening, and examination is of utmost important for the early diagnosis and treatment of sub-clinical medical conditions.