Thermal hysteresis in quartz resonators-A review (frequency standards)

The subject of thermal hysteresis is reviewed. A review of the literature which deals with frequency vs pressure and frequency vs. temperature hysteresis is presented. Typical hysteresis curves are shown. Hysteresis mechanisms such as contamination redistribution, strain changes, and changes in the quartz are discussed. The results seem to indicate that lattice defects are somehow related to thermal hysteresis. Stress relief in the mounting structure can also produce significant hysteresis. >