Dopamine receptor 4 (DRD4) 7-repeat allele predicts methylphenidate dose response in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pharmacogenetic study.

Objective: Genetic polymorphisms of the dopamine neurotransmitter system have been identified in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Since stimulant medications act through this system, we sought to determine if the 48 base pair VNTR polymorphism (7- repeat allele) of dopamine receptor gene DRD4 predicts methylphenidate responsiveness. Methods: Forty-five children, aged 7–15 years, with ADHD, confirmed by NIMH-DISC-IV, participated in this prospective pharmacogenetic study. Subjects received increasing methylphenidate doses based on serial Conners' Global Index—Parent assessments. Doses to obtain a 10-point improvement and normalization (T-score, 60) were determined. Blood and buccal screening for DRD4 7R was correlated with outcomes. Results: Mean dose for a 10-point CGI-P improvement with DRD4 7R (n = 20) was 30 mg (1.00 mg/kg) versus 20 mg (0.49 mg/kg) without 7R (n = 25) (log rank = 13.69; df = 1; p = 0.0002). Mean dose for CGI-P normalization for children with 7R was 47 mg (1.70 mg/kg) o...