Solubility products of six metal‐glyphosate complexes in water and forestry soils, and their influence on glyphosate toxicity to plants

Abstract The solubility products (Ksp) of 1:1 complexes of glyphosate, [N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine], with Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Fe3+, were determined in buffered (pH 7.0) distilled water, moist Ottawa sand, sandy loam and clay loam soils, each adjusted to 0.02 M with respect to KNO3. The Ksp values decreased in the order of Mg ≍ Ca > Mn > Zn > Cu > Fe, regardless of the medium in which they were determined. The constants measured in Ottawa sand were similar to those in water, but those in the forestry soils depended upon the type of metal ion involved. The values for the Mg, Ca, Mn and Zn complexes were about 2 to 3 times lower in sandy loam soil than those in water, but those in clay loam were about 3 to 10 times lower. The Ksp of the Cu and Fe complexes were similar to those in water regardless of the soil type used. In a bioassay experiment using tomato plants, immersed in the saturated solutions of the complexes or planted in the sand and soils containing saturated solutions of the complexe...