Genotoxicity of nano- and micron-sized manganese oxide in rats after acute oral treatment.

Abstract The use of nanotechnology has led to rapid growth in various areas. Manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) nanomaterials (NMs) are typically used for biomedical applications. However, characterizing the potential human health effects of MnO 2 NMs is required before fully exploiting these materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute oral toxicity of MnO 2 NMs and MnO 2 -bulk particles in female albino Wistar rats. The genotoxic effects were examined using comet, micronucleus and chromosomal aberration assays. Nanosized MnO 2 (45 nm) significantly ( p 2 -45 nm in the brain and red blood cells, as determined through acetylcholinesterase activity, was significantly ( p 2 -45 nm disrupted the physicochemical state and neurological system of the animals through alterations in ATPases via the total Na + –K + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ levels in the brain P 2 fraction. In addition, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw doses of MnO 2 -45 nm caused significant changes in AST, ALT and LDH levels in the liver, kidney and serum of treated rats. Significant tissue distribution was found in all tissues in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MnO 2 -45 nm exhibited much higher absorptivity and tissue distribution compared with MnO 2 -bulk. A large fraction of MnO 2 -45 nm was cleared in the urine and feces. The histopathological analysis revealed that MnO 2 -45 nm caused alterations in the liver, spleen and brain. These findings will provide fundamental information regarding the potential toxicities and biodistribution of nano and bulk MnO 2 generated through acute oral treatment.