Postoperative pain management : an evidence-based guide to practice

I. Evidence-Based Practice 1. Introduction 2. The Principles of Evidence-Based Practice 3. Accessing Information on Pain Management 4. Practice Guidelines, Protocols and Recommendations II. Scientific Basis of Postoperative Pain and Analgesia 5. The Neurohumoral, Inflammatory and Coagulation Responses to Surgery 6. Nociceptive Mechanisms of Postoperative Pain 7. Neuropathic Mechanisms of Postoperative Pain 8. Genetic Factors in Postoperative Pain 9. Patient Outcome in Postoperative Pain 10. Wound Healing and Pain III. Management of Postoperative Pain 11. Pain Management Objectives 12. Clinical Assessment of Postoperative Pain 13. Prediction and Preemptive analgesia 14. The Acute Pain Service 15. Opioids: Indications, Efficacy and Regimens 16. Opioids: Adverse Effects, Limitations and Failures of Therapy 17. Patient-Controlled Analgesia 18. Regional and Peripheral Techniques 19. NSAIDs 20. Multimodal Analgesia 21. Nonconventional Analgesics and Techniques IV. Postoperative Pain Management in Specific Clinical Settings 22. Postoperative Pain Management in Infants and Children 23. Postoperative Pain Management in the Elderly 24. Postoperative Pain Management Following Caesarean Section 25. Postoperative Pain Management for Patients with Drug Dependence 26. Postoperative Pain Management in the Ambulatory Setting 27. Prevention And Management of Chronic Postsurgical Pain