Métodos baseados na detecção de DNA para rastreamento de modificações genéticas em cultivares transgênicos de milho e soja/ DNA-based methods for detection of soybean and maize cultivars genetically modified

Resumo : Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma revisao sistematica sobre os principais metodos baseados na deteccao de DNA para rastreamento de modificacoes geneticas em cultivares de soja e milho. Alem disso, foram identificados e caracterizados geneticamente os eventos transgenicos presentes nestes cultivares aprovados para comercializacao no Brasil. Para o objetivo principal foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados Web of Science e Pubmed , conforme a metodologia PRISMA ( Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses ). Para tal, incluiram-se artigos sobre o tema atraves da pesquisa dos principais metodos de deteccao de soja e milho transgenico. Foram encontrados varios artigos, entretanto, buscou-se explorar tecnicas de rastreamento de transgenicos baseadas na deteccao de DNA por PCR. Dentre as sequencias alvo comumente encontradas se destacaram regioes codificadoras de genes que conferem resistencia a insetos, tolerância a herbicidas ou ambas, bem como regioes promotoras e terminadoras. Para melhor compreensao dos eventos transgenicos aprovados para comercializacao no Brasil foram buscadas informacoes em sitios regulatorios, dentre os quais o da Comissao Tecnica Nacional de Biosseguranca, Centro de Informacao em Biotecnologia e GeneticRight Foundation . Foi possivel conhecer e caracterizar os eventos transgenicos presentes em cultivares de milho e soja aprovados para comercializacao no Brasil, associando-os aos metodos de deteccao pesquisados conforme metodologia PRISMA. Conclui-se que a PCR tradicional, multiplex ou PCR em tempo real baseado na presenca de DNA sao metodos confiaveis para deteccao de sequencias genicas codantes, promotores e terminadores comumente encontrados nos cultivares pesquisados. Abstract : This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of DNA-based methods to detection of genetic modifications in soybean and maize cultivars. Furthermore, the transgenic events present in these cultivars approved for commercialization in Brazil have been identified and genetically characterized. The reach research objectives a database search in Web of Science and Pubmed was performed according to the PRISMA methodology ( Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes ). Subject articles were included by researching the main transgenic detection methods in soybean and maize. Several articles were evaluated; however, the focus research was to explore transgenic screening techniques based on DNA detection by PCR. Among the commonly-found target sequence featured for genes that provide resistance to insects, herbicide tolerance genes or both, as well as supporting and terminator regions. In order to better understand the transgenic events approved for Brazilian commercialization, search at regulatory sites for information was made, including the National Biosafety Technical Commission, Biotechnology Information Center and the Genetic Right Foundation. It was possible understand and characterize the transgenic events present in maize and soybean cultivars approved for commercialization in Brazil, associating them with the detection research methods according PRISMA methodology. It was concluded that traditional PCR, multiplex or real-time PCR based on DNA presence are reliable methods to detect coding gene sequences, promoters and terminators commonly found in the studied cultivars.