Oral Findings and Treatment of Patients with Face Transplants in Helsinki

Abstract Objectives Oral health and balanced occlusion are important aspects of a well-functioning face transplant. This study describes the oral and dental status, dental management and sialoendoscopy of the first two patients in Helsinki that underwent face transplantations. Study design Two patients received near-full face transplantations in 2016 and 2018, respectively. The transplanted tissues included a Le Fort type II maxilla, angle-to-angle mandible, all oral mucosa, ventral tongue tissue and the muscles of the floor of the mouth. Comprehensive oral examinations and all required dental treatment, including follow-up examinations were performed for both patients after the transplantations. Results Both patients rehabilitated well, and their quality of life improved. Stable, functioning dentition and occlusion were achieved for both patients. Hyposalivation and dental caries were issues for both patients. Patient 1 also experienced infections in the jaws. Implants were placed in the transplanted jaws of patient 2 with successful osseointegration. Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated successful tooth-bearing face transplantations in two patients. Patient selection, particularly regarding oral health, is crucial in avoiding post-transplantation complications. Moreover, the oral and dental status of the donor should be examined by a dentist before transplantation, and regular follow-up dental examinations should be performed after transplantation.