CT diagnosis of pleural and stromal invasion in malignant subpleural pure ground-glass nodules: an exploratory study

Objectives To assess the risk of visceral pleural invasion (VPI) and improve the diagnosis of invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) in pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs) in contact with pleura, through a comprehensive analysis of the thin-section CT features of subpleural malignant pGGNs.