Egyptian Wine Production During the New Kingdom
2003
Our documentation of the ancient Egyptians’ production, distribution, and consumption
of wine is both sporadic and diverse, just as is our knowledge of most other aspects of
ancient Egyptian culture. My own interest in the wines of ancient Egypt was excited by
the wine jar labels surviving from several sites, other intriguing textual references (both
Egyptian and classical), and the detailed artistic representations of winemaking in tomb
paintings. But, I am also interested in the wine-related artifacts (mostly from tombs) and
the recent excavation reports describing actual ancient wineries. From all these sources it
is possible to present a fairly substantial picture of the Egyptians’ winemaking techniques
and also relate something about their careful attention to the labeling of wine jars, their
personal tastes in wines, their moderation in drinking wine, and even a little about their
use of wine in medicines and for offerings to their gods. That the jar labels have some
historical importance has made an enjoyable project a fairly respectable area of research. A
reexamination of these minor records certainly shows that there is still more to be savored
from these empty and broken old jars.
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