A comparison of low temperature growth vs low temperature shifts to induce resistance to photoinhibition in spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

Plants of Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Savoy grown under cold-hardening (5°C) and nonhardening (16°C) conditions were exposed to a photoinhibitory irradiance of 1300 μmol rrr: m-2 S-1 5°C for 12 h. Plants grown at 5°C exhibited a greater resistance to photoinhibition at low temperature in comparison to plants grown at 16°C as measured by the photochemical efficiency of photosyslem II. In contrast, tuily expanded leaves of plants grown at 16°C and then shifted to 5°C for 10 days did not exhibit increased resistance to photoinhibition. This was observed irrespective of the phoioperiod experienced during the shift to a lower temperature. Furthermore, spinach grown at 16°C and subsequently exposed to a stepped, daily decrease in temperature from 16 to 1°C over 10 days w ith a concomitant reduction in photoperiod. also did not exhibit any change in susceptibility to photoinhibition. Thus, a decrease in photoperiod accompanied by either an abrupt or stepped low temperature shift cannot induce increased resistance to photoinhibition. This confirms the hypothesis that growth and development at cold-hardening temperature are absolute requirements for the acquisition of resistance to photoinhibition at low temperature.