Le Cancer de l’Œsophage à Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso): Aspects Épidémiologiques, Cliniques, Endoscopiques et Anatomopathologiques

RESUME Introduction. Notre etude vise a l’amelioration de la connaissance cancer de l’œsophage au Burkina Faso, a travers une evaluation de sa frequence endoscopique, et une description de ses caracteristiques epidemiologiques, anatomo-cliniques et endoscopiques. Patients et Methodes. Il s’agit d’une etude transversale descriptive realisee du 1er janvier 2015 au 30 juin 2018. Nous avons inclus tous les patients ayant beneficie d'une fibroscopie digestive haute (FDH) avec biopsie, et chez qui un cancer de l’œsophage a ete confirme histologiquement. Les variables etudiees etaient : l’âge, le sexe, la circonstance principale du diagnostic, l’aspect endoscopique, et le type histologique, ainsi que les facteurs de risques. Resultats. Au cours de la periode d’etude, 29 cas de cancers de l’œsophage ont ete diagnostiques soit une incidence endoscopique moyenne de 8,2 cas/an. L’âge moyen etait de 58,34 ans. On denombrait 17 (58,6%) hommes soit un sex-ratio de 1,42. Les facteurs de risque certains que sont la consommation d’alcool et ou de tabac etaient retrouves chez 31% des patients. Le delai moyen avant la consultation etait 65,83 jours, et le principal symptome au moment du diagnostic etait la dysphagie (72,41%). La localisation etait le tiers inferieur pour pres de trois-quarts des tumeurs; et la forme bourgeonnante etait dominante (56,3%). A l’histologie, le carcinome epidermoide etait le type dominant (65,52%). Conclusion. Le cancer de l’œsophage  est de plus en plus frequent a Bobo-Dioulasso. Il touche surtout le genre masculin dans la cinquieme decade de vie,  se caracterise par l’absence de facteurs etiologiques evidents dans 1/3 des cas. Il s’agit surtout de carcinomes epidermoides. ABSTRACT Introduction. Our study aimed to improve the knowledge of  esophageal cancer in Burkina Faso by assessing its frequency and describing its epidemiological, anatomical-clinical and endoscopic characteristics. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2018. We included all patients who had upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) with biopsy, and in whom esophageal cancer was confirmed histologically. The variables studied were: age, sex, main circumstance of diagnosis, endoscopic appearance, and histological type, as well as risk factors. Results. During the study period, 29 cases of esophageal cancer were diagnosed, giving an average endoscopic incidence of 8.2 cases/year. The mean age of patients was 58.34 years. There were 17 (58.6%) males, or a sex ratio of 1.42. Definite risk factors such as alcohol consumption and active smoking were present in 31% of patients. The average delay before  consultation was 65.83 days, and the main symptom at diagnosis was dysphagia (72.41%). The location was the lower third for nearly three-quarters of tumors; and the budding form was dominant (56.3%). At histology, squamous cell carcinoma was the dominant type (65.52%). Conclusion. Esophageal cancer frequency is increasing in Bobo-Dioulasso. It mainly affects the male gender in the fifth decade of life. . It is usually a squamous cell carcinoma. There is no obvious etiological factors in 1/one third of cases.