A 1.2V low-power CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) using current-reused configuration with balanced resistors for IEEE 802.16e

In this paper, a 1.2 V low-power CMOS current-reused voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) for IEEE 802.16e is presented. Two drain resistors are used to improve magnitude symmetry of output signals. The design is based on the TSMC 0.18 ?m mixed signal/RF process. The output frequencies range from 2.39 GHz to 2.21 GHz with the controlled voltage from 0 V to 1.2 V. The measured output power is -4.2 dBm and phase-noise is -121 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset frequency. The power consumption of the VCO with buffer included is only 3.96 mW at 1.2 V voltage supply.