Distribution and quantification of ACh receptors and innervation in diaphragm muscle of normal and mdg mouse embryos

Abstract Muscular dysgenesis ( mdg ) in the mouse is an autosomal recessive mutation, expressed in the homozygous state ( in vivo and in vitro ) as an absence of skeletal muscle contraction. The distribution of acetylcholine receptors (ACh R) in the diaphragms of phenotypically normal and dysgenic ( mdg mdg ) embryos was studied from the 14th to 19th day of gestation by binding of 125 I-α-bungarotoxin to the muscle, followed by autoradiography of longitudinally sectioned hemidiaphragms and/or of isolated muscle fibers. Localization of ACh R at putative motor end-plate regions begins 14 to 15 days in utero in both normal and dysgenic diaphragms. The distribution of high ACh R density patches is aberrantly scattered beyond the normal innervation pattern in dysgenic diaphragms. Isolated mutant fibers possess (1) multiple ACh R clusters, up to five per single fiber, (2) larger clusters of more variable morphology and variable receptor density than normal clusters, and (3) higher levels of extrajunctional receptors than normal fibers. These autoradiographic results correlate well with higher total level of toxin binding sites per diaphragm and per milligram protein in dysgenic vs normal muscle, as quantified from γ counting of sucrose density gradient isolation of 125 I-toxin-ACh R complexes. The dispersed distribution of ACh R patches on dysgenic muscle may be correlated with extensive phrenic nerve branching as demonstrated by silver impregnation technique. We suggest that the aberrant ACh R cluster distribution is a result of multiple innervation of single fibers from the branched nerve terminals. Possible causes of the excessive nerve branching in the mutant are discussed in light of generalized nerve sprouting found in paralyzed muscle.