P53 vs NF-kappaB: the role of nuclear factor-kappa B in the regulation of p53 activity and vice versa.

The onco-suppressor p53 is a transcription factor that regulates a wide spectrum of genes involved in various cellular functions including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, senescence, autophagy, DNA repair and angiogenesis. p53 and NF-kappaB generally have opposing effects in cancer cells. While p53 activity is associated with apoptosis induction, the stimulation of NF-kappaB has been demonstrated to promote resistance to programmed cell death. Although the transcription factor NF-kappaB family is considered as the master regulator of cancer development and maintenance, it has been mainly studied in relation to its ability to regulate p53. This has revealed the importance of the crosstalk between NF-kappaB, p53 and other crucial cell signaling pathways. This review analyzes the various mechanisms by which NF-kappaB regulates the activity of p53 and the role of p53 on NF-kappaB activity.